Micronutrient deficiencies can lead to a range of health issues. For instance, a lack of vitamin D can result in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, while vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy. Iron deficiency is one of the most common deficiencies worldwide and can lead to anaemia, characterised by fatigue and weakness.
Conversely, excessive intake of some vitamins and minerals can also be harmful. For example, too much vitamin A can result in toxicity, and high levels of sodium can contribute to hypertension.
Practical Applications in Food and Fitness Careers
When advising on diet or creating meal plans, it is important to ensure that all the necessary micronutrients are included in adequate amounts. This can involve:
Menu Planning: Incorporating a variety of foods to cover the spectrum of vitamins and minerals.
Dietary Analysis: Assessing food diaries to identify potential micronutrient deficiencies or excesses.
Supplementation Advice: Recommending supplements when dietary intake may not be sufficient, or when an individual has increased needs.
Special Considerations
Certain populations may have specific micronutrient requirements. For example, pregnant women need more folic acid, a B vitamin, to prevent birth defects. Vegetarians and vegans must be mindful to obtain enough B12, a vitamin primarily found in animal products.